@Article{Sapucci:2014:EvMoWa,
               author = "Sapucci, Luiz Fernando",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Evaluation of modeling water-vapor-weighted mean tropospheric 
                         temperature for GNSS-integrated water vapor estimates in Brazil",
              journal = "Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "53",
               number = "3",
                pages = "715--730",
             keywords = "Estimation, Global positioning system, Radiosondes, Research, 
                         Troposphere, Upper atmosphere, Water vapor, Weather forecasting, 
                         Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Integrated water vapors, 
                         Meteorological station, Multivariate statistical analysis, 
                         Numerical weather prediction, Radiosonde observations, South 
                         America, Tropospheric temperature, Uncertainty analysis, air 
                         temperature, algorithm, GNSS, GPS, numerical model, radiosonde, 
                         seasonal variation, troposphere, water vapor, weather forecasting, 
                         Brazil.",
             abstract = "Meteorological application of Global Navigation Satellite System 
                         (GNSS) data over Brazil has increased significantly in recent 
                         years, motivated by the significant amount of investment from 
                         research agencies. Several projects have, among their principal 
                         objectives, the monitoring of humidity over Brazilian territory. 
                         These research projects require integrated water vapor (IWV) 
                         values with maximum quality, and, accordingly, appropriate data 
                         from the installed meteorological stations, together with the GNSS 
                         antennas, have been used. The model that is applied to estimate 
                         the water-vapor-weighted mean tropospheric temperature (Tm) is a 
                         source of uncertainty in the estimate of IWV values using the 
                         ground-based GNSS receivers in Brazil. Two global models and one 
                         algorithm for Tm, developed through the use of radiosondes, 
                         numerical weather prediction products, and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis 
                         (ERA-40), as well as two regional models, were evaluated using a 
                         dataset of ;78 000 radiosonde profiles collected at 22 stations in 
                         Brazil during a 12-yr period (1999-2010). The regional models 
                         (denoted the Brazilian and regional models) were developed with 
                         the use of multivariate statistical analysis using ~90 000 
                         radiosonde profiles launched at 12 stations over a 32-yr period 
                         (1961-93). The main conclusion is that the Brazilian model and two 
                         global models exhibit similar performance if the complete dataset 
                         and the entire period are taken into consideration. However, for 
                         seasonal and local variations of the Tm values, the Brazilian 
                         model was better than the other two models for most stations. The 
                         Tm values from ERA-40 present no bias, but their scatter is larger 
                         than that in the other models. © 2014 American Meteorological 
                         Society.",
                  doi = "10.1175/JAMC-D-13-048.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-048.1",
                 issn = "1558-8432 and 1558-8424",
                label = "scopus 2014-05 Sapucci:2014:EvMoWa",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}